Many countries around the world maintain an office equivalent to the Chief of Defence Staff ( CDS), a position that serves as the highest uniformed military advisor to the government and oversees coordination among the army, navy, and air force.
In Pakistan, the office of Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) has long been a redundant and largely symbolic appointment-a ceremonial figurehead with limited operational leverage, unable to meet the demands of excessively fast-paced, net-centric warfare. Net-centric warfare relies on real-time data fusion across sensors, satellites, drones, and cyber nodes; machine-speed command loops measured in seconds, not hours; and distributed lethality, where a naval frigate, air defence battery, and ground unit share a single digital battlespace picture via secure cloud architectures.
Command structure in India prioritises jointness in peacetime-training, procurement, doctrine-while preserving civilian supremacy through the Defence Minister and Cabinet. However, it works because India's threats, while persistent, allow for slower integration timelines.
The CJCSC, lacking direct control over budgets, training pipelines, or joint C4ISR systems, could not orchestrate this tempo. The 27th Constitutional Amendment, passed by the Senate on November 10, 2025, abolishes this post effective November 27, 2025, replacing it with the Chief of Defence Forces (CDF)-a role constitutionally fused with the Chief of Army Staff (COAS). Far from stoking power rivalry, this reform enhances integration symmetry within the unified title "Armed Forces of Pakistan"-transforming three parallel services into a single operational organism. With Field Marshal General Asim Munir at the helm-elevated post the May 2025 conflict-this structure enables real-time joint fires, seamless integration of cyber, space, and nuclear domains under the National Strategic Command, and rapid response in hybrid battle spaces. The CDF's constitutional safeguards are operational enablers, ensuring continuity of command under extreme duress-critical when a single cyber intrusion or drone swarm can escalate in minutes.
Israel offers a compact, battle-tested model of unified command. The Chief of the General Staff (Ramatkal)-currently Lieutenant General Herzi Halevi-is the sole commander of the Israel Defence Forces (IDF), directly controlling the Army, Navy, Air Force, and intelligence branches under the Ministry of Defence. There is no separate service chief with operational autonomy; all report to the Ramatkal, who chairs the General Staff Forum. This structure, forged through repeated wars since 1948, enables hyper-integrated operations: during the 2021 Gaza conflict, air, cyber, and artillery units executed sensor-to-shooter cycles under 90 seconds.
The IDF's Unit 8200 and C4I Directorate feed a unified digital backbone, allowing a single commander to synchronise effects across domains. Civilian oversight remains absolute-the Prime Minister and Security Cabinet authorise all major operations-proving that unity of command and democratic control are not mutually exclusive. The United States presents the gold standard of unified combatant command architecture, deliberately separating strategic advice from operational execution to preserve civilian supremacy.
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)-currently General Charles Q. Brown Jr-is the principal military advisor to the President, Secretary of Defence, and National Security Council but commands no forces. Instead, nine Geographic and Functional Combatant Commands (e.g., CENTCOM, INDOPACOM, CYBERCOM) report directly to the Secretary of Defence, who exercises authority through the President.
Each COCOM is led by a four-star Combatant Commander (CCDR) with full operational control over assigned joint forces from all services. This structure, codified in the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, fixed Vietnam-era failures by empowering CCDRs to plan and execute missions across domains-air, land, sea, space, and cyber-using Joint Task Forces (JTFs) and Joint Force Commanders. Net-centric enablers like the Global Command and Control System (GCCS), Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2), and AI-driven kill webs allow a CENTCOM drone in Yemen to cue an INDOPACOM submarine in the South China Sea in under five minutes.
The CJCS coordinates, not commands; service chiefs retain Title 10 responsibilities for training and equipping but cede operational control to CCDRs. This dual-hatted firewall ensures the military never self-deploys while enabling lightning-fast jointness in net-centric environments.By contrast, India's CDS, introduced in 2019, reflects a deliberate advisory model suited to its democratic maturity. General Anil Chauhan operates as "first among equals", chairing the Chiefs of Staff Committee and leading the Department of Military Affairs without operational control or binding authority over service chiefs.
This structure prioritises jointness in peacetime-training, procurement, doctrine-while preserving civilian supremacy through the Defence Minister and Cabinet. It works because India's threats, while persistent, allow for slower integration timelines. Pakistan, facing asymmetric, high-tempo threats on multiple fronts-including AI-driven drone swarms, hypersonic threats, and real-time disinformation campaigns-cannot afford such diffusion.Globally, NATO allies like the UK, Canada, France, and Australia vest their CDS equivalents with operational clarity under firm civilian oversight. Germany and Japan embed military leadership within constitutional restraints. Even Russia and China centralise command-but under party control. Pakistan's CDF, rooted in the COAS, leverages an existing institutional pivot that balances military effectiveness with civilian political authority: the Prime Minister recommends, the President appoints, and Parliament can impeach.
The CJCSC's redundancy is not a critique of past leadership but an acknowledgement that symbolism fails in net-centric war. The COAS, as the operational spine of Pakistan's defence architecture, is best positioned to lead tri-service synergy. This reform is defence-driven modernisation, not militarisation-essential for a nation where survival hinges on speed, unity, and strategic coherence.This structure is now standard in nearly all NATO members and major military powers to promote unified strategy and inter-service cooperation. Smaller nations or those without standing armies, such as Iceland, do not have such a position.